BAGHDAD — The first signs of sectarian reprisal killings of Sunnis appeared in Iraq on Tuesday, as 44 Sunni prisoners were killed in a government-controlled police station in Baquba, north of Baghdad, and the bodies of four young men who had been shot were found dumped on a street in a Baghdad neighborhood controlled by Shiite militiamen.
A police source in Baquba said the prisoners were killed after militants who had been advancing on Baquba attacked the police station, where the men, who were suspected of having ties to the militants, were being held for questioning.
“Those people were detainees who were arrested in accordance with Article 4 terrorism offenses,” he said, referring to Iraqi antiterrorism legislation that gives security forces extraordinary arrest powers. “They were killed inside the jail by the policemen before they withdrew from the station last night.”
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Militants aligned with the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, or ISIS, on Monday night took several neighborhoods in Baquba, which is just 44 miles from Baghdad, according to security officials in Baquba.
Brig. Gen. Jameel Kamal al-Shimmari, the police commander in Baquba, said that officers had repulsed the militants after a three-hour gun battle. “Everything in the city is now under control, and the groups of armed men are not seen in the city,” General Shimmari said on Tuesday.
Officials at the morgue in Baquba said that two policemen had been killed in the fighting.
ISIS claimed in a Twitter post on a feed associated with the militants that the prisoners had been executed by the police.
An Iraqi government military spokesman, Gen. Qassim Atta, blamed the deaths in Baquba on the militants, saying the prisoners died when the station was struck with hand grenades and mortars. However, a source at the morgue in Baquba said that many of the victims had been shot to death at close range. Like many of the official sources in Iraq, he spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak to the media.
In eastern Baghdad, the bodies of four young men were found without identity documents on a street in the Benuk neighborhood on Tuesday morning. They were believed to have been Sunnis, because the area is controlled by Shiite militiamen. The area is largely Shiite but also includes Sunnis, and no one had initially claimed the young men’s bodies, according to a police source in the Ministry of Interior in Baghdad.
The victims were between 25 and 30 years old and had been shot numerous times, he said.
The killings fit the pattern of death squads during the sectarian violence in 2006 and 2007 at the height of the American-led invasion. Bodies would be dumped in streets and empty lots after execution-style killings, often without identity documents. Many of these extrajudicial killings, as well as kidnappings, were the work of Shiite militias, often in cooperation with the Shiite-dominated police force, although Shiites living in Sunni neighborhoods were killed as well. At the peak of the violence, as many as 80 bodies a day were found in Baghdad and its immediate suburbs.
The fighting in Baquba was particularly worrying, because it represented the closest that ISIS and its allies have come to the capital. Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Maliki has encouraged what he has said are hundreds of thousands of volunteers — nearly all of them Shiites — to join with Shiite militias in the defense of Iraq against the Sunni extremists.
After capturing Mosul a week ago, ISIS has advanced more than 230 miles, mostly down the valley of the Tigris River toward Baghdad. The militants also took the northwestern city of Tal Afar on Monday, apparently consolidating their gains around Mosul, Iraq’s second-largest city. On Tuesday, the militants were reported to have attacked the village of Basheer, nine miles south of Kirkuk, according to Reuters.
Baquba, and the surrounding province of Diyala, is a mixed Sunni and Shiite area and was the scene of some of the worst sectarian violence in past years. As the fighting creeps closer to Baghdad, the offensive is being led by Sunni fighters drawn from other Sunni militant groups, the 1920 Revolution Brigades and the Islamic Army, in alliance with ISIS, according to an Iraqi intelligence source. Both of those groups have long had a presence in Diyala Province and were involved in some of the bloodiest fighting during the past sectarian battles. The 1920s Brigades were formed by disaffected Iraqi Army officers who were left without jobs after the Americans dissolved the military in 2003.
Residents of Baquba said they feared a renewal of sectarian warfare. “The violence in Baquba will lead to civil war because the villages that surrounded Baquba are Shiite,” said Jassim al-Ubaidi, a lawyer in Baquba.
Shiites are fearful, said Jaafer al-Rubaie, a retired government official. “We are afraid of a massacre of the Shiite minority if the security situation collapses.”
In Geneva, the United Nations secretary general, Ban Ki-moon, expressed fears that the fighting could ignite sectarian violence across the region and called on Iraq’s government to become more inclusive.
“There is a real risk of further sectarian violence on a massive scale within Iraq and beyond its borders,” Mr. Ban said, expressing his concern over the reports of mass executions by forces linked to ISIS.
Mr. Ban said he had been urging Mr. Maliki, a Shiite, to “reach out” and engage in an inclusive dialogue. “What is important is that the Iraqi government should have one state, whether it is Sunni or Shiite or Kurds,” he said. Mr. Ban also said he was trying to accelerate the search for a successor to Lakhdar Brahimi, who resigned at the end of May as the United Nations and Arab League mediator on Syria. “I will try to minimize the vacuum” left by Mr. Brahimi’s departure, Mr. Ban said.