Moscow, Russia - President Dmitry Medvedev warmly welcomed the spiritual leader of the world's 300 million Orthodox Christians on Tuesday, hailing improving ties between Russia's powerful church and its ancestor faith.
Relations among the Orthodox have improved after past strains when churches in former Soviet states such as Estonia and Ukraine broke away from the Russian mother church and tried to pledge allegiance to the patriarch in Istanbul.
"The visit of your Holiness is a significant event and, beyond all doubt, it will help strengthen the dialogue which always linked the two sisterly churches," Medvedev told Bartholomew, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, according to a transcipt published by the Kremlin.
Russia's influential Patriarch Kirill has assigned a high priority to improving inter-faith relations since his election last year. Church sources say dialogue with the Roman Catholic Church has improved markedly and an historic meeting between Pope Benedict and the Russian Patriarch is now in prospect.
Medvedev said Bartholomew's visit was "especially important, taking into account the fact that Russia is a country where the majority of the population is Christian Orthodox in its faith".
The size and growing political clout of the Russian Church, which has strong backing from Medvedev and premier Vladimir Putin, contrasts sharply with Bartholomew, who has a tiny flock and is under severe pressure from the Turkish authorities.
Turkey refuses to recognise Bartholomew's full title and has kept his church's main seminary in Halki closed despite pressure from the European Union and U.S. President Barack Obama.
Addressing Bartholomew, Medvedev stressed "the constructive and fully-fledged dialogue between the Russian Orthodox Church and the state ... which allows us to tackle very hard tasks".
THE MOTHER CHURCH
Underlining his status as Orthodox leader, Bartholomew replied: "We, as the Mother Church, are glad about this success and harmony, about these kind relations of cooperation which exist between the state and the Russian Orthodox Church."
Muslim Istanbul, formerly the Byzantine capital Constantinople, is the ancient seat of Orthodox Christianity.
Patriarch Kirill, who leads the biggest of the Orthodox churches with 160 million believers, visited Bartholomew in 2009 to show his interest in improving relations.
Greeting the Ecumenical Patriarch in Moscow, Kirill has shown deference to his guest and even personally translated his address from Greek into Russian for the congregation during a solemn service in Moscow's gold-domed Christ the Saviour Cathedral.
The previous day, the two church leaders led a procession of 40,000 through central Moscow to commemorate the name days of Cyril and Methodius, the saints who brought Orthodoxy to the Slavs in the ninth century.
Amid the signs of mutual respect, it was unclear whether the two sides discussed the contentious issue of breakaway Orthodox Churches in Ukraine and Estonia.
Religion experts said that the significance of Bartholomew's visit to Moscow could not be over-estimated.
"This is an extraordinary visit," said Father Mark Arey, of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, an expert on relations between Moscow and Constantinople.
"It signals a real synergy for world Orthodoxy and shows they (the patriarchs) are working towards solutions of the problems they have."