Some 200 followers of the Falungong spiritual movement rallied in Japan, accusing former Chinese president Jiang Zemin of massacre charges.
They made demonstrations in a park in this port city southwest of Tokyo on Sunday and held a mock trial for Jiang, finding him guilty of unfair prosecution of the movement and torturing hundreds of members to death.
They then march through streets, with one of their banners reading: "Bring Chinese Dictator Jiang Zemin to Justice!"
Falungong says its followers practise meditation to improve their physical and mental wellbeing, but Beijing brands the group a dangerous cult.
China banned the Falungong four years ago after some 10,000 followers of the group surrounded the Communist Party leadership compound in central Beijing to protest a government crack-down.